The 20-Year Swedish Study That Found Hiding From the Sun Had a Cost

It began as a hunt for the causes of skin cancer. Two decades on, the women who kept out of the light were the ones who died sooner.

You know the type. Maybe you are the type.

A wide hat. Long sleeves in July. The shady side of the street, every time.

For years, that was the smart way to live. Sun meant wrinkles, spots and worse. Stay out of it, and you stay safe.

In 1990, a team at Lund University in southern Sweden set out to study the “worse” part. They wanted to know what causes skin cancer.

So they wrote to about 40,000 women and asked about their habits. How often did they sunbathe in summer? Did they chase winter sun on trips to the mountains? Tanning beds, yes or no? And did they go abroad to swim and lie on the beach?

Close to three in four wrote back. That came to 29,518 women, aged 25 to 64. None had ever had cancer.

Then the team waited. Year after year, they tracked who got sick, who died, and from what.

For twenty years…

If you had to bet on who fared worse, you’d likely pick the beach lovers. That was the safe bet in 1990. After all, this was a study built around skin cancer.

Fatal heart attack at 71.

Her father took statins for 9 years.

Every visit he told his doctor the muscle pain was getting worse.

Every visit the doctor said: "That's normal."

He died of a heart attack at 71.

Cholesterol… Perfect.

Drug… Worked exactly as designed.

But he died anyway.

His daughter is a heart health researcher. That funeral was the day she started asking the questions her industry didn't want her to ask.

What she found has a name.

Almost no doctor screens for it. Almost no patient has heard of it.

She finally said it on camera:

If your parents took statins, or you do, or someone you love does…

P.S. Watch her face when she gets to the part about her father. She's not a person who shows emotion. It still gets her → Almost no doctor screens for this

The Answer Nobody Expected

When the numbers came in, they pointed the other way.

Pelle Lindqvist, a doctor at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, led the work. His team sorted the women by those four questions. Some said no to all four. Those were the sun avoiders. Others said yes to three or four.

The sun avoiders died sooner. On average, they lost from about seven months to just over two years of life.

Most of that gap came from heart disease and other deaths that weren’t cancer. The sun seekers had fewer of those. Because they lived longer, cancer made up a bigger share of the deaths they did have.

One comparison stopped people cold. Women who never smoked but avoided the sun lived about as long as smokers who got the most sun. The team called sun avoidance “a risk factor for death of a similar magnitude as smoking.”

Journal of Internal Medicine, 2016: Among 29,518 Swedish women followed for 20 years, those who avoided the sun had shorter lives than those who sought it out. Heart disease, not cancer, drove most of the gap.

What This Study Can’t Tell You

This was one study, and it only watched. Nobody was told to go outside. So it can’t prove the sun did the good.

The women who sunbathed may have been healthier to start. They may have had more money for trips south. The team tried to account for smoking, income and weight, but no survey catches everything.

A four-question survey is also a rough way to measure a life in the sun. One of those questions was about tanning beds, which we would never suggest.

And Sweden is a dim place. The south, where these women lived, sits farther north than any of the lower 48 states. Lindqvist warned that strict sun rules may do harm where the sun is weak. In a sunny place, the math may run differently.

Nobody knows why it worked, either. It could be vitamin D. Something else light does in the skin could be the reason. Or a hidden bias could explain it all. The team said plainly that they couldn’t tell.

So hold this one loosely. It’s a reason to rethink hiding, not a reason to bake.

Every Whole Food Is Stored Sunlight

Here’s the part that ties back to your plate.

Every whole food you eat started as light. A plant catches sunlight in its leaves. It uses that light to turn air and water into sugar. Then it builds roots, fruit and seeds from that sugar.

An apple is a summer of sun, packed in a skin. The same goes for a tomato, and for a grain of rice. Even the oats in your bowl and the beans in your pot were built this way. Not one of them grew up indoors.

Plants can’t hide from the sun and still thrive. In a smaller way, maybe we can’t either.

That’s why this week’s action puts your food and the light in one place. Take your food outside.

Three Ways To Get Your Sun Back

01

Short and Often, Never Red

The women in Sweden weren’t scored on hours spent on a beach towel. Small, steady doses are the gentle way in. Try ten minutes or so with bare arms and face, and stop well before your skin turns pink. Fair skin needs less time. A burn is never a bigger dose. It’s the harm.

02

Glass Doesn’t Count

A sunny chair by the window feels like sun. To your skin, it isn’t the same. Window glass stops almost all UVB, the part of sunlight that does the most work in skin. For the real thing, open the door and step out.

03

Eat in the Light

Lunch at the desk. Snacks in the car. Dinner under a lamp. Most of our meals never see the sky. Carry one whole food outside each day and eat it there, so the food and the light reach you at once.

HERE'S WHAT I'D DO THIS WEEK

  • Pick your sun spot today. A porch step, a bench, the back stoop. Choose somewhere within a minute of your door, so you’ll really use it.

  • Each day, carry one whole food out and eat it there. An apple, a carrot, a tomato or a handful of grapes all work. Roll up your sleeves if it’s mild and turn your face to the sky, never straight at the sun. Stay about ten minutes, and head in before any redness shows.

  • If your doctor has told you to limit sun, follow that. A past skin cancer, or a medicine that makes skin burn easily, changes the rules. Ask before you start.

In 1990, a team set out to find the harm in sunlight. Twenty years later, they found a cost in hiding from it.

That doesn’t make the sun a cure. It makes it something you were never meant to live without.

The plants on your plate already know this. They spent their whole lives in the light.

Take one whole food outside today. Sit down, roll up your sleeves, and eat it in the sun.

Stay well,
Whole Food Medicine

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